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Oliver Perry Temple (January 27, 1820 – November 2, 1907) was an American attorney, author, judge, and economic promoter active primarily in East Tennessee in the latter half of the 19th century.〔Mary Rothrock, ''The French Broad-Holston Country: A History of Knox County, Tennessee'' (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1972), pp. 495-497.〕 During the months leading up to the Civil War, Temple played a pivotal role in organizing East Tennessee's Unionists. In June 1861, he drafted the final resolutions of the pro-Union East Tennessee Convention, and spent much of the first half of the war providing legal defense for Unionists who had been charged with treason by Confederate authorities.〔Oliver P. Temple, ''East Tennessee and the Civil War'' (Johnson City, Tenn.: Overmountain Press, 1995), pp. 156-157, 172-173, 194-197, 234-235, 340, 349, 400, 474.〕 After the war, Temple promoted agricultural and industrial development in East Tennessee, most notably by assisting in the development of the Rugby Colony,〔 and in later years wrote several books on the history of East Tennessee.〔Kathleen Zebley, (Oliver Perry Temple ). ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'', 2009. Retrieved: 10 August 2011.〕 ==Early life== Temple was born near Greeneville, Tennessee, to James and Mary (Craig) Temple, and was raised on his father's large farm. As a teenager, he was fond of debating, and would walk miles to participate in debate societies at country schools. At age 16, he enrolled in the fledgling Greeneville College, but quit in 1838 to march with the state militia to suppress a Cherokee uprising.〔Mary Boyce Temple, Introduction to ''(Notable Men of Tennessee )'' (Cosmopolitan Press, 1912), pp. 9-29.〕 While serving with the militia, Temple was inspired to study law after reading ''An Essay Concerning Human Understanding'' by English philosopher John Locke.〔Oliver Perry Temple, ''Notable Men of Tennessee'' (Cosmopolitan Press, 1912), p. 152n.〕 He attended Tusculum College from 1838 to 1841,〔John Wooldridge, George Mellen, William Rule (ed.), ''Standard History of Knoxville, Tennessee'' (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1900; reprinted by Kessinger Books, 2010), p. 500.〕 and attended Washington College from 1841 to 1844. At the latter, he was a classmate and mentor of future North Carolina governor Zebulon Vance.〔 After graduating from Washington College, Temple studied law under Judge Robert McKinney, and was admitted to the bar in 1846.〔 He initially practiced in Greeneville in partnership with future Arkansas Supreme Court justice, Freeman Compton.〔 In 1847, Temple challenged Democratic incumbent Andrew Johnson for the 1st district congressional seat. He criticized Johnson for voting to censure General Zachary Taylor, opposing a payraise for soldiers, and pandering to Whig voters by attacking President James K. Polk. Two days before the election, the two engaged in a fierce debate in Jonesborough in which they accused one another of selfishly avoiding service in the Mexican-American War. Temple later wrote that Johnson, displaying a "haughty air of superiority," dismissed him as a "Juvenile Competitor" and threatened to disgrace him if he didn't withdraw from the race.〔Oliver Perry Temple, "(Johnson and Temple Race for Congress in 1847 )," ''Notable Men of Tennessee'' (Cosmopolitan Press, 1912), pp. 216-232.〕 On election day, Johnson narrowly prevailed, 5,758 votes to 5,342.〔(House of Representatives TN District 1, 1847 election ). ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved: 17 May 2013.〕 In 1848, Temple moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, where he established a law partnership with William H. Sneed.〔 In 1850, Temple was appointed by President Millard Fillmore commissioner to help conciliate Indian tribes in territories captured during the Mexican-American War to the United States government.〔 Upon returning to Knoxville, he helped establish the Knoxville and Ohio Railroad, and briefly served as a director of the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad.〔 In 1855, after Sneed was elected to Congress, Temple established a law partnership with future federal judge Connally Trigg.〔 At Knoxville's Southern Commercial Convention in 1856, Temple opposed a resolution calling for the reopening of the African slave trade. In 1860, he attended the Constitutional Union Party convention in Baltimore. He served as an elector for the party's candidate, John Bell, during that year's presidential election.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oliver Perry Temple」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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